ONE HEALTH APPROACHES TO PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING ZOONOTIC DISEASES:INTEGRATING HUMAN, ANIMAL, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH FOR SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases, transmissible between animals and humans, pose major threats to public health, food security, and economic stability, and emerging pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, avian influenza, and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria highlight the need for coordinated interventions, with the One Health approach—integrating human, animal, and environmental health—enhancing epidemiology, surveillance, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies to reduce disease burden and prevent future pandemics.
Introduction
Zoonotic diseases comprise over 60% of human infectious diseases and about 75% of emerging infections, with factors like habitat loss, urbanization, intensive livestock production, wildlife trade, and climate change driving their emergence, and the One Health approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health through interdisciplinary collaboration to prevent, detect, and respond to these threats.